how to make a Radar with Arduino mega

SIMPLE RADAR WITH ARDUINO MEGA

Today in this article we are going to Make simple Radar with Arduino Mega , Servo Moto, and ultrasonic senso. Here you will get Fully Detailed instructions for making Arduino Joystick Controlled Car. Codes are also Included.

I have tried to provide you all the must-have Circuit Schematics and Diagrams in this article. My intention was to give you all in one guide for making joystick Car.

The radar can detect objects located at distances between 2 cm and 4 meters and displays the value of distance to the object. ... The object detection is performed inside an angle of 180 degrees. The motion sensor that covers this angle uses a Servo Motor.

If you want to make a School/ College project then this project is for you. You would not need any special knowledge for making the Arduino joystick control car. So, you should definitely try it.

WATCH YOUTUBE VIDEO

Watch the Full Video and you will understand everything. Next, follow the step by step guide below.

This project is based on Arduino radar (HC-SR04)
which is digitally visualized using Processing.

ARDUINO RADAR WORKING

The word RADAR means Radio Detection And Ranging. Radar is an object detection system that uses microwaves to determine the range, altitude, direction, and speed of objects within about a 100-mile radius of their location. The radar antenna transmits radio waves or microwaves that bounce off any object in their path. Due to this, we can easily determine the object in the radar range.

The basic principle of operation:

A radar is an electromagnetic sensor that is used to detect and locate an object.

Radio waves or microwaves are radiated out from the radar into free space. Some of these waves are intercepted by reflecting objects. These intercepted radio waves hit the target and are reflected in many different directions. Some of these waves can be directed back toward the radar, where they are received and amplified. If these waves are received again at their origin, then it means an object is in the propagation direction. The modern radar system is very advanced and used in highly diverse applications such as Air traffic control, Air-defence system, radar Astronomy, Antimissile system, Outer space Surveillance system, and many more.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Item Image	Item Name	Quantity	Shop Online
	Plywood 16cm X10cm	1 No	Order Now
	Arduino UNO	1 No	Order Now
	Servo Motor SG90 9g	1 No	Order Now
	ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04	1 No	Order Now
	Jumper wires	Enough	Order Now

Tools Required

Tool Image	Tool Name	Shop Online
	Gun gum	Order Now

APPS AND ONLINE SERVICES

	Arduino IDE	Downlond now
	processing 3	Downlond now

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

circuit diagram of arduino radar

STEPS TO MAKING

I have divided the joystick control car into several steps. By this, you can understand the Arduino car more easily. Please don’t skip any step otherwise it will be difficult to replicate.

codes

Arduino code

// Includes the Servo library #include <Servo.h>. // Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor const int trigPin = 10; const int echoPin = 11; // Variables for the duration and the distance long duration; int distance; Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor void setup() { pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input Serial.begin(9600); myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached } void loop() { // rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){ myServo.write(i); delay(30); distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing } // Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees for(int i=165;i>15;i--){ myServo.write(i); delay(30); distance = calculateDistance(); Serial.print(i); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(distance); Serial.print("."); } } // Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor int calculateDistance(){ digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds distance= duration*0.034/2; return distance; }

processing code

import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port import java.io.IOException; Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial // defubes variables String angle=""; String distance=""; String data=""; String noObject; float pixsDistance; int iAngle, iDistance; int index1=0; int index2=0; PFont orcFont; void setup() { size (1920, 1080); smooth(); myPort = new Serial(this,"COM4", 9600); // starts the serial communication myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance. orcFont = loadFont("OCRAExtended-30.vlw"); } void draw() { fill(98,245,31); textFont(orcFont); // simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line noStroke(); fill(0,4); rect(0, 0, width, 1010); fill(98,245,31); // green color // calls the functions for drawing the radar drawRadar(); drawLine(); drawObject(); drawText(); } void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port // reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data". data = myPort.readStringUntil('.'); data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1); index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1" angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance // converts the String variables into Integer iAngle = int(angle); iDistance = int(distance); } void drawRadar() { pushMatrix(); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location noFill(); strokeWeight(2); stroke(98,245,31); // draws the arc lines arc(0,0,1800,1800,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,1400,1400,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,1000,1000,PI,TWO_PI); arc(0,0,600,600,PI,TWO_PI); // draws the angle lines line(-960,0,960,0); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(30)),-960*sin(radians(30))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(60)),-960*sin(radians(60))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(90)),-960*sin(radians(90))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(120)),-960*sin(radians(120))); line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(150)),-960*sin(radians(150))); line(-960*cos(radians(30)),0,960,0); popMatrix(); } void drawObject() { pushMatrix(); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location strokeWeight(9); stroke(255,10,10); // red color pixsDistance = iDistance*22.5; // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels // limiting the range to 40 cms if(iDistance<40){ // draws the object according to the angle and the distance line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),950*cos(radians(iAngle)),-950*sin(radians(iAngle))); } popMatrix(); } void drawLine() { pushMatrix(); strokeWeight(9); stroke(30,250,60); translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location line(0,0,950*cos(radians(iAngle)),-950*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle popMatrix(); } void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen pushMatrix(); if(iDistance>40) { noObject = "Out of Range"; } else { noObject = "In Range"; } fill(0,0,0); noStroke(); rect(0, 1010, width, 1080); fill(98,245,31); textSize(25); text("10cm",1180,990); text("20cm",1380,990); text("30cm",1580,990); text("40cm",1780,990); textSize(40); text("Object: " + noObject, 240, 1050); text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", 1050, 1050); text("Distance: ", 1380, 1050); if(iDistance<40) { text(" " + iDistance +" cm", 1400, 1050); } textSize(25); fill(98,245,60); translate(961+960*cos(radians(30)),982-960*sin(radians(30))); rotate(-radians(-60)); text("30°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(954+960*cos(radians(60)),984-960*sin(radians(60))); rotate(-radians(-30)); text("60°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(945+960*cos(radians(90)),990-960*sin(radians(90))); rotate(radians(0)); text("90°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(935+960*cos(radians(120)),1003-960*sin(radians(120))); rotate(radians(-30)); text("120°",0,0); resetMatrix(); translate(940+960*cos(radians(150)),1018-960*sin(radians(150))); rotate(radians(-60)); text("150°",0,0); popMatrix(); }

DOWNLOND

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